The OSI mODEL

The OSI and TCP/IP models are frameworks that describe how data moves through networks. The OSI model has seven different layers, each with its own specific roles. TCP/IP simplifies this into four layers, making it easier to understand and use practically.

Imagine sending a package through the mail. You would usally start by placing an item into a box this would be the Application layer, then you would carefully wrap and label the contents clearly so it is understood by anyone handling it this is the Presentation layer, then you would arrange a convenient delivery time or the Session layer. Next, you provide the person name you are sending it to and the exact address you are sending it to or Transport layer, then the postal system decides the best delivery route this is the Network layer, then your package is loaded onto a mail truck or the Data Link layer, and finally, it is physically delivered to your friend's doorstep the Physical layer.

If the package were to gets lost or damaged, you would want to trace exactly where things went wrong. Understanding these network layers helps you quickly identify and fix issues in digital communications.

On the left is the OSI model and the right is the TCP/IP model